These days, information resources have developed t Essay Example For Students

Nowadays, data assets have created t Essay ITremendously particularly with the most recent innovation accessible. One approach to oversee them is by having a framework that used to be called Management Information Systems (MIS). These days, the phrasing of Information Technology (IT) is broadly utilized. IT has formed into a mainstream and a well paying activity entering the 21st century. To turn into an IT proficient, one must get a decent instructive foundation. Early planning is significant in secondary school. During that time, four years of math is required albeit over four years would be better. The sorts of math classes are the two Algebras, Geometry, and Trigonometry. Another significant class to have is four years of English. Doing great in this subject is significant on the grounds that this subject helps construct great relational abilities. Regular Science classes, for example, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics are likewise expected to get ready for an IT profession. Another class including unknown dialect is a liable to consider. The most significant unknown dialect to know is code, for example, COBOL, C++, PASCAL, and BASIC. Likewise, high evaluations are required in those classes. We will compose a custom article on These days, data assets have created t explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now On the off chance that you have a poor record in secondary school, going to junior or junior college can compensate for the awful ones. Those schools additionally fill in as fantastic private academies for colleges . Numerous large universities offer Management Information Systems as a significant. In the event that one picks that major,MIS can lead into a fruitful calling as an IT. The sort of school doesn't generally make a difference, as long as they offer a MIS major with an all around arranged curriculum.In IT or MIS, the activity can be isolated into a wide range of classifications.MIS by and large falls into four classes: programming, deals, information base head, and Information Center Management. The more nitty gritty characterizations incorporates Financial MIS, Manufacturing MIS, Marketing MIS, and Human asset MIS. A money related MIS gives monetary data to every budgetary supervisor inside and association .. The yearly pay for an IT proficient after the person gets their single men degree ranges from $35,000 to $45,000 contingent upon the organization and their experience. Most IT experts work in a mechanical organization as opposed to a legislature regulated organization. As indicated by Khawaja, Government claimed organizations are less taking everything into account, the advancement of data innovation has changed itself into a mainstream and a well paying activity entering the new thousand years. Having information about PCs and innovation can be a major advantage. The benefit of that is on the grounds that later on, each put away or evacuated data includes the utilization of innovation. In actuality, the need of IT experts is fundamental to oversee data appropriately so each and every individual who needs data has quick, precise access to it at the time it is required and in the structure wherein it is most helpful . List of sources:

Successful after-school program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 20750 words

Effective after-school program - Essay Example Impressive consideration and assets have been coordinated to after-school programs, especially those that serve urban understudies and much more explicitly those that serve in danger understudies in urban schools. In any case, little is thought about the inception, crucial, objectives of after-school programs (Halpern, 2002), and even less is thought about the effect on scholastics of the understudies who take part in these projects. More consideration is as a rule by and by concentrated on these projects in light of the fact that there is a developing mindfulness that all understudies, incorporating the individuals who vary here and there from the â€Å"average† understudy, must be given a fair, non-deriding instruction (Montgomery and Rossi, 1994). Scholastic based after-school projects might be one way that experts can enhance the generally under-accomplishing in danger students’ information, aptitudes, and capacities and assist them with coming to and stay at-grade- level execution. Neither understudy assorted variety nor after-school programs are new to America’s educational system. One record proposes that these projects developed toward the beginning of the twentieth century because of a monetary and ideological move in the United States from utilizing kids as workers to putting youngsters in study halls (Halpern, 2000). Youngsters are done working with their folks in an industrial facility or in the fields. As the century advanced, different patterns, for example, ladies working outside the home (and the ensuing â€Å"latch-key kid†), developed (Lopoo, 2005)... 5 Summary 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 Introduction 6 History of After-school Programs 7 No Child Left Behind 9 Federal Role of Out-of-School Learning 12 At-Risk Students 13 Computer Usage in After-school Programs 14 Attendance and Academic Success 16 Benefits of Math After-School Programs 17 Summary 17 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 18 Introduction 18 Research Questions and Hypotheses 19 Research Questions 19 Hypotheses 19 Background and Purpose 19 Methodological Design 20 Participants 22 Data Collection and Analysis 23 Consent and Confidentiality 24 Assumptions and Limitations 25 Summary 25 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS 27 Introduction 27 Description of Participants (Demographics) 27 Students’ Academic Performance 28 Analysis of reactions to poll 1: Student support 31 Detailed investigation of each section 31 Further examination through order of the reactions 37 Identification of qualities and shortcomings of the program 39 Analysis of reactions to the subsequent survey: Open-finish ed inquiries 40 2-1 Where the understudies followed school before the program 40 2-2 How frequently the understudies were separated from everyone else before the program 42 2-3 Improvement in homework in the wake of going to the program 43 2-4 Classes that would assist with finding a new line of work in future 43 2-5 Usefulness of the PC lab at the program 45 2-6 Usefulness of the program in scoring better on the report card 45 2-7 Main language spoken at home 45 2-8 Affect of program on preferring to go to class 45 2-9 Willingness to go to another program 47 2-10 Future objectives since going to the program 47 2-11 How cooperation in the program could assist with accomplishing future objectives 50 2-12 Whether the program would be prescribed to companions 52 Analysis of results from the parental assessment 53 Detailed examination of every reaction 53 Summary

Evaluating Your Performance - How to Work Around Your Performance and Present It

Evaluating Your Performance - How to Work Around Your Performance and Present ItFor essay topics that can actually be justified, your evaluation must focus on one or two key areas of your work. After all, the essay should relate to the topic in some way. Writing an evaluation of your performance for the purpose of convincing a prospective employer that you are suitable for the job you are applying for will only be a waste of time. On the other hand, if your objective is to convey some positive aspects about yourself and illustrate these to the audience, this will make your writing more persuasive.Evaluating your performance, and then presenting it, are two very different things, but you must learn how to work them together. In fact, you should learn how to use both techniques, because it will serve you well when you write evaluation essays. Unfortunately, many writers have failed to grasp this point. Instead, they use the evaluation essay as a hook for their main presentation. It's v ery important to note that neither technique is the most effective one.Evaluating your own performance is easier than preparing for it in the first place. In this case, you can rely on reviews you receive on the Internet and from your peers. However, when it comes to justifying an evaluation essay topics, there are no such resources.Your first task, therefore, is to devise a good objective. This needs to be brief, to the point, and to the point. Don't include any fluff. Make sure your points are specific, clear, and concise. You will also need to think of some examples that could illustrate your points in a vivid way.The next step is to provide a thorough explanation of the actual merits and demerits of your work. In your evaluation essay, you will usually want to present some evidence. This is where you can use quotes from your work and excerpts from others.However, you also need to work around a theme. You must remember that the essay you are writing for your evaluation is not mea nt to be a critique. So, you do not need to criticize your performance. Instead, you should emphasize the strengths of your work, and how these were exploited to the best advantage.Finally, you will need to show why the audience should believe your position and support your argument in your essay. This needs to be done with force and conviction. Remember that it is an evaluation essay, so use strong and well-rehearsed examples. Explain why you are right and how your work will be useful to the audience. Explain that the target audience will benefit from your contributions.This is an illustration of how to work around your performance and justify essay topics. Use these tips, and you will be able to create a performance evaluation that is persuasive, accurate, and most importantly, convincing.

The Classical Theory And Scientific Management Essay

Introduction The classical theory is probably the earliest management idea which involves a few general principles for businesses to apply towards their goals. It was born in the late 19th century due to the rise of the Industrial Revolution. The main aim was to increase organisations productivity and reduce cost (Russ, n.d.). Bureaucracy and scientific management were the constituents of the classical management theory. Although the ideas of classical theorists have been widespread all over the world in the 20th century, many people argue that they are sort of old fashioned currently and out of date. Some people believed the classical theories only have a slight relevance to work and organisations today since the society has moved from a Fordist to a Post-Fordist era because of the shift in technology (Jessop, 2013). However, there is still some evidence such as the â€Å"McDonaldization† of firms illustrates the validity of the classical theory. In this essay, I will investi gate the situation of companies nowadays and examine whether bureaucracy and scientific management can be considered as outdated as well as has a little relevance to work and organisation today. The rhetoric vs Reality of working life The rhetoric describes the world has moved from Fordism to Post-Fordism epoch and the ideas of classical theorists are no longer relevant. ‘Fordism’ denotes to form of manufacture as well as work organisation which was introduced by Henry Ford at the early 20th century.Show MoreRelatedClassical Theory And Scientific Management Theory1767 Words   |  8 Pagescentury, classical management theory was proposed. This classical management theory maintains labours’ high level specialization, centralized decision making, as well as maximize profit. (www.businessdictioary.com ) The main two thoughts of classical theory are bureaucracy and scientific management. Nowadays some people argue that the classical management theory is no longer suitable for modern world and they are outmoded because of the business environment has changed. This management theory is notRead MoreClassical Management Theories : Scientific Approach1556 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss the classical management theories: scientific approach by F. W. Taylor (1856-1915) , and their relevance in modern world in public or private organization structure and behavior. . The theories were modernized and adapted with the today’s world organizational system Scientific management Frederick Winslow Taylor described in, â€Å"The Principles of Scientific Management†, How to manage workers application of the scientific management could greatly improve productivity. Scientific management methodRead MoreClassical Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Theory1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe different theoretical perspectives. This paper will be discussing the Scientific Management, Cultural Perspective, Political-Economic Theory, and Human Relations Theory. It will also be discussing each of the key concepts that are associated within each theoretical perspective. I will state some of the strengths and some of the weaknesses of each theory that was mentioned above. Lastly, my opinion for each of these theories would be provided to give you a look on how they are run in the societyRead MoreClassical Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Theory1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthe different theoretical perspectives. This paper will be discussing t he Scientific Management, Cultural Perspective, Political-Economic Theory, and Human Relations Theory. It will also be discussing each of the key concepts that are associated within each theoretical perspective. I will state some of the strengths and some of the weaknesses of each theory that was mentioned above. Lastly, my opinion for each of these theories would be provided to give you a look on how they are run in the societyRead MoreManagement Foundations Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Foundations Esay The classical management perspective represents the first well-developed framework of management (Davidson. P. et al, 2000). It’s the framework from which later theories evolved and concerns efficiency and productivity, which in turn leads to effective and efficient management. Scientific management and the Administrative theory are both classical management theories, which provide information on managing in the workplace, which are very useful and vital to have inRead MoreAre the Classical Functions Put Forward by Henri Fayol in 1949 Still Valid and True Today?1263 Words   |  6 Pagesyears have been pondering the effectiveness of classical approaches to newer conceptualizations within management functions. Are the classical functions put forward by Henri Fayol in 1949 still valid and true today?, or are the theories put forward by other academics such as Mintzberg more valid?, or would the scientific type management concepts be more fitting?. To answer such questions this report examines two Journal journals, â€Å"Are the classical management functions useful in describing managerialRead MoreClassical Management Theory and Human Relations Theory1102 Words   |  5 Pagessystematic development of management thinking is viewed, generally, as spanning from the end of the nineteenth century with the emergence of large industrial organizations. Management theories consist of two group—classical management theory and human relations theory. In this essay, the nature of the â€Å"Classical† and â€Å"Human Relations† approaches to management will be described at first and then bring out the differences and similarities between them. The classical theory of management was formed in theRead MoreHuman Relations Movement1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe influence of the classical and scientific management in the industry today. This approach raises some important questions about what are the keys function of the classical-scientific management theory, and the contrast of the worker in the classical-scientific and behavioral management. Some additional points need to be considered such as the Hawthorne studies and also the most important aspect covered is the Industrial Revolution that had the biggest influence on management. The IndustrialRead MorePublic Administration1077 Words   |  5 PagesMidterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Liberty University February 5, 2014 Midterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Classical Organizational Theory deals with the systematic processes necessary to make bureaucracy more efficient and effective. Name three scholars that are credited with the development of classical organization thought that most correctly fit into this definition of Classical Organizational Theory. What were the basic arguments articulated by each in their contributionsRead MoreThe Field Of Public Administration Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of Public Administration is undoubtedly one of the most vast study fields there is. It is said that public administration is closely related to Management in terms of public management theories. After all Public Administration is the perfect management of people in a more vast public setting.According to Nigro and Nigro in their book Modern Public Administration, Public Administration is a co-operative group effort in a public setting which works in collaboration with the executive, legislature

Leaellynasaura - Facts and Figures

Name: Leaellynasaura (Greek for Leaellyns lizard); pronounced LAY-ah-ELL-ee-nah-SORE-ah Habitat: Plains of Australia Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (105 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 100 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Slim build; long tail; relatively large eyes and brain About Leaellynasaura If the name Leaellynasaura sounds a bit odd, thats because this is one of the few dinosaurs to be named after a living person: in this case, the daughter of Australian paleontologists Thomas Rich and Patricia Vickers-Rich, who discovered this ornithopod in 1989. The most striking thing about Leaellynasaura is how far south it lived: during the middle Cretaceous period, the continent of Australia was relatively cold, with long, dark winters. This would explain Leaellynasauras relatively large eyes (which need to be that big in order to gather in all the available light), as well as its relatively small size, given the limited resources of its ecosystem.   Since the discovery of Leaellynasaura, many other dinosaurs have been unearthed in the southern polar regions, including the vast continent of Antarctica. (See The 10 Most Important Dinosaurs of Australia and Antarctica.) This raises an important question: while the weight of opinion is that meat-eating dinosaurs had warm-blooded metabolisms, might this also have been the case for plant-eating ornithopods like Leaellynasaura, which needed a way to protect themselves from plunging temperatures? The evidence is inconclusive, even given the recent discovery of ornithopod dinosaurs bearing feathers (which are generally evolved by warm-blooded vertebrates as a means of insulation).

Cuban Missile Crisis The End Of The World - 1647 Words

To most people, the Cuban missile crisis seemed like the start of an inevitable worldwide nuclear war. 1962 seemed like it was the end of the world for some, but somehow the United States was able to avoid a crisis evade an all out nuclear war with the U.S.S.R. The Cuban missile crisis can not be however, look at just in that timeframe. There are events including the Cuban Revolution that lead up to the United States losing their ties with Cuba. The Bay of Pigs invasion was an unsuccessful attempt to remove Fidel Castro from power in Cuba that ultimately hurt the United States more than it helped. After the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, Castro’s relation with the Russians was strengthened because it was then that Castro announced that Cuba would become a Socialist Republic. President John F. Kennedy was successfully able to avoid a nuclear war by his use of appeasement and his policy of Flexible Response rather than running in with guns blazing with a full scale invasion. In the end, Kennedy would come out of the crisis on top and more successfully than Khrushchev. Cuba’s modern history starts all the way back in the late 19th century. At that time, Cuba was part of the Spanish Empire. Cuba had three wars of liberation before it was free from Spain. The last of three wars of liberation was the Cuban War of Independence. However, Cuba was not able to gain its independence on its own. It had help from the United States because the United States was interested inShow MoreRelatedThe Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesspeaking about the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy said, It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization† (â€Å"Nuclear Test Ban Treaty† 1). the Cuban Missile Crisis was a time where these two men, Kennedy and Khrushchev, had the power in their hands to end civilization. In order to understand the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis one must understand, the Cold war drama; the dangerous crisis; and its importanceRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1962 nuclear war seemed inevitable to the world, it was the first time nuclear war was hanging on a thread. The Cuban Missile Crisis presented a threat to the world, in which the USSR planted nuclear missiles on Cuba. America’s response was to threaten launching nuclear missiles at the Russians. This incident launched the world into a new time, which presented nuclear weapons as a source of power. The incident of the Cuban Missile Crisis still connects with us today because the power nuclearRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis The World On The Edge Of Its Seat1315 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"We’re eyeball to eyeball, and I think the other fellow just blinked† (Dean Rusk). The Cuban Missile Crisis put the world on the edge of its seat, and was the closest humanity has ever gotten to full-scale nuclear war. Even though the event lasted a mere two weeks (from October 14-24, 1962), it played a significant role in international politics, and its effects can still be seen today. The Cuban Missile Crisis is significant to current international relations because it proved the importance of theRead MoreThe Effects of the Cuba Missile Crisis Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Cuba Missile Crisis During the Cuba missile crisis near every newspaper and radio station would talk about how the end of the world on the brink of destruction. Because of this many people around this time lived in fear and felt the world was going to end. The effects of the Cuba missile crisis didn’t just affect the two nations its effects also had major effects on the people of these nations, the world, and the countries themselves. These effects only truly made the world change whenRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis And The Soviet Union1062 Words   |  5 Pages During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States took a bold stand against the Soviet Union, Communism, and the installation of nuclear arms in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred between October 14 and October 28, 1962 (â€Å"Cuban Missile Crisis Timeline†). During the Cold War Era, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were alread y high because of the way that World War II ended. The Soviet Union’s decisionRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a result of what happened at the end of World War 2. At the end of World War 2, the Soviets held a grudge against the U.S for their delayed entrance in the World War resulting in deaths of thousands of Russians resulting in the appearance of the Cold War .The Cuban Missile Crisis was a significant flashpoint in the Cold War because it was the moment two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. This crisis, while posing the very real threat of global annihilation, also led toRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : A 13 Day Standoff1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13 day standoff in Cuba during the Cold War that struck fear into many American people. Joseph Roblat said, â€Å"The most terrifying moment in my life was October 1962, during the cuban missile crisis. I did not know all the facts - we hav e learned only recently how close we were to war - but I knew enough to make me tremble†. Missiles were in Cuba, in range of the U.S.. The world has never come so close to being in a full out Nuclear War. If the Soviets launched one ofRead MoreThe United States And The World From A Nuclear Holocaust1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world looked on at the Soviet Union and the United States as they partook in a head-to-head face off which could have potentially result in their immediate destruction. Before this event, no one had truly considered the potential damage nuclear weapons could cause, but only realized the consequences as war became a possible reality. During those crucial 13 days, John Kennedy and his administrators crafted and developed solutions that would ultimately save the United States and the world fromRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis During The United States954 Words   |  4 PagesIn Depth with the Cuban Missile Crisis In October of 1962, the United States, and the Soviet Union partook in a political and military standoff. Cubans began installing Soviet missiles, a couple miles away from the U.S. coast. The presence of nuclear missiles made the U.S. extremely tense. President Kennedy announced the news to the world and informed them of his decision to create a naval blockade around Cuba. The objective was to show that the United States was ready to utilize militaryRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis : Nature Of The Cold War1092 Words   |  5 PagesCOLD WAR ASSIGNMENT (Cuban missile crisis) Nature of the Cold war The cold war was a clash between two superpowers with competing ideologies, or sets of ideas. Although they had been allies against the common enemies of Germany and japan during World War 2, both sides distrusted each other. After the war this distrust evolved into a long term hostility. This era was called the ‘Cold war’ because the two superpowers never directly assaulted each other. This war was very political as it was fought

Implementation Of CSS Software In Aldi Retail Chain Free Sample

Question: Explain to a client the costs and benefits of your intended IT project? Answer: 1.Executive Summary The Business plan helps in the creating the outlines the strategy for the business in order to sell the customized software to the client who are looking for the cost reduction in the long term. The main purpose of the CSS software is to prepare quality and customized software as per the client requirements. One of the clients Aldi is looking to expand its business for which company is looking to install the TQM for which CSS software has asked to for 255000 of the fund required for the installations. Apart from that, the maximum fund will be gain in the form of 60:40 ratios of debt and equity respectively. With the help of market analysis, major competitors of the company are Delta 4 and the SAP. Lastly, with the help of SWOT analysis, it has been found that there are various barriers to change management, high cost and lack of innovation due to installation of TQM within the supply chain management of Aldi. 2. Business Idea Aldi is one of the major retail chains of the Germany who has now expanded in UK and Australia. Recently, Aldi is facing tough to manage its sales that are because of the rise in the stores wild wide. Company supply chain is currently manual which is why Aldi is facing tough to survive in the contemporary business scenario (Afuah, 2007). Now company is looking for the better solution of IT programme which helps to intact the their supply chain management within the existing business which will give them high ROI and low wastage which has been one of the major problem for the company in recent times (Analoui and Karami, 2009). As the business expanding, competitor are also arising , with stiff competition in market company is looking to proper and long-term solution for its supply chain which would gain give the company high chances of profit and product availability within their stores which is one of the major challenges (Dess and Lumpkin, 2009). TQM management will be one of the perfect solutions for the company that laid for consistency in the supply chain and low wastage control. 3. Background As an one of the major software company also known as CSS (Corporate software sales) software are known for the unique products selling to the clients who are looking for the appropriate solution for the business process handling. The company is known for the software planning package that will already prove in the consumer market (Fifeld, 2012). As the matter of fact, the product that the company will be selling TQM IT solution has been voted top rated best-selling package. The products will allows the corporate sales force and franchise like Aldi to use the planning tools to achieve the incredible in their existing business process which will help to manage the sales force and quality within the supply chain system and the inventory control (Freeman, 2010). CSS consulting will be providing the high level expertise in the international high technology business development, distributing strategies and centralization to control over the existing technology via TQM. 4. Ownership and Company structure Figure 1: Company structure of the Aldi (Source: Budyansky, 2009, pp-922) From the company structure Aldi seems that, company has enough scope for improvement within its company structure .as the company is using manual way of proceedings which will provide manufacturing process effective with low manufacturing cost by implementing TQM within its existing management system (Abrams, 2003). As the existing supply chain is a very much assembly line and is, lack of IT system within its which why monitoring the operations is next to impossible for the company. The current IT system of TQM management will give an opportunity for the monitoring and set benchmarking for the production which helps to gain the Aldi large part of waste control within its existing management system (Abrams and Vallone, 2005). Figure 2: Implementation of TQM within the existing supply chain of the Aldi (Source: Chang, 2009, pp-2) From the above, diagram, it has been found that TQM will be implemented monitor from inbound logistics to the manufacturing to the outbound logistics of the products and services. Implementations of IT will enough scope to capture the large potential to manage the existing supply chain effectively will ill result in the higher productivity (Barrow et al. 2008). Apart from that, at the inbound, TQM will analyse the inventory benchmarking, followed by the manufacturing where the waste will be controlled, at outbound logistics , TQM will show the right products at right price at right time which will help the business to gain control over their operation systems (Blackwell, 2008). At each and every step, the new IT system helps the organisations set the standard for the employees and the machine to perform effectively and efficiently (Finch, 2010). With the rise in the control over the supply chain system help the company to centralize its value chain that will affected by reducing the error and fault done by the employees. 5. The team for the Implementations of TQM within Aldi Team Roles and responsibilities Board of Director The team of head of the CSS software will be forming the team for the implementation process of the TQM. The project leader will responsible for the entire project along with forecasting of cost and time of the complete the process. Personnel management Project Consulting Field Supervisor Filed supervisors will give the day to day report of the work and the problems or issues faced by the engineers during the time of implementation project. He will be directly reporting to the project head. Survey tracking coordinator Looking for the time and cost of the project and assigning the team works as per their expertise areas. Quality will be checked at each and every stage of the project (Luther, 2001). Experts Experts in their works like hardware engineer, software engineer and the techies and their respective team leader will be appointed as per the Job requirement Data processing coordinator and processors coordinator Leading the team with EPI information's and directly oversees the data entry of direct surveys to ensure everything. Apart from that coding of data participate in designing of TQM as per the Aldi existing supply chain system (McKeever, 2012). Lawyers These people will be responsible for the patent right, and the trademark act 1977 and 2004 respectively helps the other company to copy the CSS software of TQM. Safety personnel Training will be given to the employees and the team for the safety of measures taken during the time of implementing. Apart from that, SMS (Safety Management system) will be followed by CSS software during the time of training (Stutely, 2002). 6. The product Figure 3: TQM as service (Source: Young, 2007, pp-125) Software: TQM as products from the CSS software is not just a quality checking or benchmark setting system. It is beyond the quality check, it encourages the buyer to keep neat in their habit of forecasting and maintaining the productivity within the organisations (Chang, 2009). Apart from that, it also analyses the efficiency of the machines and the employee's productivity along with continuous improvement in the existing supply chain management that automatically solve the problems of waste control and increase the productivity of the company for long term. Although, the product is expensive and not for the small organisation as the function of these types of IT services gives the wide range of the benefits in future. Consulting: CSS will be providing the analysis of all potential clients planning strategies and tactic along with the degree of capacity with planning software and information technology within the business operation of the clients (Chowdhury, 2009). The major goal of the company is to ensure that all clients will have enough solutions that will be tailored made as per the needs and requirements of clients. Whether the company is looking decide to purchase or service or looking for the experience from the company for planning the strategies, in the both of the above case scenario , company will be helping the clients (Freiesleben, 2009). Training: Finally, CSS software will provide complete training for the use of solutions purchased from the company by the dummy experience on the works. 7. The Patent situation As the CSS software is into the business of selling of software for which company ha ensured the patent and trademark on the innovations of the product in order to maintain the copyright act with the alone. With the rise in the competition from the SME's and Large organisations like IBM and the RS Software are making they're making huge number of development cater their corporate clients (Jochem, 2009). Rise in the competition also tend to copy of the software very quickly by the companies are being noticed in the market with copyright infringement will prevent the companies to do the needful for the company. While the Act 52(2) of the European patents Conventions' saves the company to copy or claiming of the similar programme which is matches by the competitors inventions even if they do not have seen the programme of the CSS software, they cannot claim for their inventions. In UK territory, more than 25% of patents are granted to the software related programmes (Prado-Prado, 2009). Articles 52(3) are being stop the members of the company to sell the ideas of the company. 8. Marketing Plan Marketing strategy: Marketing strategy of the company is being noticed as simple which is innovations, and ant to sell in the UK, US and Europe. The companies care selected here is mostly larger size and medium sizes like Aldi (Taiwo, 2001). Market analysis Market analysis Growth % 1997 2000 2012 US high tech 10% 5000 7321 12,255 European market 15% 1000 1749 3250 UK 35% 250 832 1820 Others 2% 250 10824 22,014 Total 6.27% 10,000 20726 39339 Graph 1: Market analysis for demand of the CSS software (Source: Lindgreen and Finn, 2010, pp-738) Pricings strategies Figure 4: Porters generic model on the CSS software (Source: Lim and Lusch, 2011, pp-655) CSS software lies in the 2nd quadrant that shows that, company innovates or designs the products as per the demand of clients. The client she is very specific about the detail and the products that are looking for (Bottomley and Doyle, 2008). CSS software needs to develop customized the products as per the demand of the customers. With software and patent rights, shows that CSS software are known of innovations and unique products which is used as per the company existing efficiency. However, the differentiation is costly in term of price as the benefit is for the longer period of more than 10 years and saves the manual process of managing the supply chain or accounting or other major development (Bolton and Lemon, 2009). 9. Sales and distribution 9.1 Products Time Period Graph 2: Plc curve for Software products (Source: Bhattacharya and Korschun, 2008, 115) The product sold by the CS software has various stages that carry from the innovation stage to the maturity to declining. At declining company state to modify the version that will again enhance the business that will keep the company sustain in the market and good for the future of business. 9.2 Pricing strategies Figure 5: Pricings strategies of CSS softwares (Source: Bendapudi and Leone, 2008, pp-19) CSS software is very many charges premium pricing in order to cater only large number of companies. As the software business requires lots of innovations and clients demand and their existing system to replace with the new system, need to change the premium pricing because of the innovations and patents (Dr. Nigam. 2011). CSS software is known for producing new kind of software for the companies which will help the most of the Retail chain and the service giving company to roll out their function easy and very effective manner and cost effective. CSS software is known for its IT and TQM software's which are very much customized as per detailed given by the company (Taiwo, 2001). 9.3 Place: CSS computer is known for the B2B business in which will target the corporate offices and the several other large firms. The software personnel manufacturer has already has been naming and information about the companies of the large firms that fits the profile. Place here depicts the meeting with the client within their company or the within CSS software building. Along with that, test and dummy service to show the various function will be present in the CSS software labs (Asq.org, 2015). 9.4 Promotion Promotional strategies Expenditure (%) Websites 58.01% Newspapers 32.02% Magazines 28% Graph 3: Expenditure on advertisement of software products (Source: Prado-Prado, 2009, pp-309) 10. Competitors Some of the major competitors of the CSS software within the UK would be Datanomic , delta 4, Oregan networks and ANT software (Managementhelp.org, 2015). These are medium term enterprise of the software companies who are slowly capturing the large market base of the UK market CSS software is new company which has just has been establish for 5 years ago , in 2009. SME software Companies Market share % Datanomic 14% Delta 4 12.9% Oregan network 11.1% ANT software 6.3% Amdoes 3.6% CSS 3.1% Business integrity 2.2% Graph 4: Market software companies of UK (Source: Freiesleben, 2009, pp-1263) From the above diagram, it has been found that, CSS Software was established in 2009 which suggest that, most of the software companies already has been able to capture the market base of UK (Chowdhury, 2009). However, CSS software has been recently taking the market by storm as the company innovated the TQM ver.2 that is much more effective than earliest one, and the value of the products is higher the market. As Aldi is looking to implement the idea within its retail chain to reduce its cost and maintain the continuous improvement within its business. With rise in the EPC and JIT innovations, most of the software companies are looking for continuous development of the products in order to sustain with large competitor like IBM, SAP and Accenture (web.mit.edu, 2015). 11. Customers One of the major customer of the products is large retail firms and services firms like Bank of England, Royal Bank of Scotland, Tesco, Sainsbury and Lafarge tarmac are some of the large companies will be customers of the CSS software's. Some of the major customers of the company are given below: Market segmentations Segmentation bases Target customers segment of Fast food industry Geographic Region North America, Europe and UK Density Urban (4500 companies) Income High and middle income groups of companies Occupation Employees and professionals Demographic Social status Working and higher class companies Company size Single or the group of companies or MNC Psychographic Existence Modern , innovation and as per the customised products Occasions Regular Behavioural Benefits Price advantages and diversify services under one roof. Occasion Expansion of business or the increasing branches or the creating diversified business Customers Customised Softwares Glendon College , USA University is looking to ensure students pursue certificate programme in technical communications that help the student to hands on state of art writing techniques before entering the workforce (www.rowan.edu, 2015). BIG salad food chain Company is known brand for burger, and fresh salad, since the company is expanding its base, company, is looking for supplies the recipes with stores chef via software called Big salad cookbook designed by CSS software. Over drive It is known for the delivering the books of more than 5000 publishers. This has been possible only by using MAdfalre. Now the company is selling more than 30, 00,000 books (Bottomley and Doyle, 2008). Other potential customers are universities, car manufacturing and banking companies who are growing consistently needs to focus on their IT system to built these areas. 12. Agreements and Alliances Agreements with Madcap software create the high branding the future. There have been numerous agreements with other media agency like OMD, and Total media are known for launching the several brands of the products from software to retail food items to electronic items (Jochem, 2009). Total media agreement with the CSS has made the company one of the most renowned software intelligence solution companies. Apart from that, Total media and OMD is doing international campaign for the products and services on the behalf of the companies. As the member of Einstein deigns, association CSS software is looking to creates strong brand in UK and a Global platform.With the help of social media advertising and blogs, OMD tries to generate the positive response for the products and services sold by the various companies. Agreement with madcap software will creates high brand value for the company in near future because Madcap is known for the its manufacturing and customised products in Australia and US where the company has strong foothold in these nations and are already known brand in international regions (Freiesleben, 2009). As far as the news concern CSS software is known for the making TQM software for thy customers in UK region will have the potential edge to the company in the global platform. 13. Budget There are various forms of software developed by the CSS software but since Aldi is one of the major client so TQM software implementation budget for the company will give an idea of total expenditure and the benefit from the business. Budget Amount () Software 150,000 Consulting fees 2400 Training fees 2550 Payroll 80,000 Utilities 480 Insurance 1440 Tax incurred 14279 Total installation fees 251149 Graph 4: Total Amount expenditure on installation of TQM within the supply chain (Source: Freiesleben, 2009, pp-922) Expected benefit for the Aldi will be started from the coming years from the implementation of TQM : Particulars 2016 2017 2018 Sales 655290 714,266 778550 COGS 65529 71427 77855 Gross profit 589761 642839 700695 Expenses Payroll 243000 250,290 273,712 Administrative expenses 14400 13000 9350 Marketing expenses 13761 15000 26523 Wastage 25000 25750 18440 Insurance cost 7500 7875 8269 Travel and vehicle cost 15000 16500 18150 Rent and utilities 17500 18375 19294 Miscellaneous expenses 4915 5357 5839 Payroll taxes 36450 37544 41057 Total operating cost 377526 389,690 378,768 EBDITA 21,2235 253149 321927 Taxes 80650 90811 100595 Depreciation expenses 5893 5893 5893 Interest expenses 13107 12197 11202 Net profit 112,586 148,165 164,129 From the above , it has, been found that Administrative expense that will be reducing every year and the wastage will also be controlled which shows that, profit and loss of the company will be higher as per the standard of the Total Quality Management. With the rise in the expansion of the business, marketing expenditure and the payroll will be increasing, but the decrease in the waste; administrative expenses would create positive feedback within the company (Chang, 2009). Aldi will have enough current assets like cash and liquid asset to maintain its short term finance that will gain decrease the short-term borrowings in futures for the company. Own of the major benefit of the TQM implementation in supply chain increase the quality of production and the consistency and continuity in the supply chain of Aldi will reduce the chances of error free products and the chances of human error will be less which automatically increases the productivity of the company (Prado-Prado, 2009). 14. Investment needs Figure 6: Source of fund for the implementation of TQM (Source: Bhattacharya and Korschun, 2008, pp-119) Own capital: While looking for the sources of finance , own capital would be safest t fund the fund the IT within the company. As the own capital is risk free and the client does not have to return their money to others (Bendapudi and Leone, 2008). However, if the project gets failed or rather installation of TQM get failed then the entire loses will be faced by the owners. Retained profit: Retained profit is another major source of funding for the implementation of TQM within the company. Retained profit is the profit of the existing form which will be invested in the TQM system in order reduce the operation cost and increase the high quality of materials (Bolton and Lemon, 2009). It is risk averse, as the company does not have to pay anybody. However, if the technology will not be work as per the promised by the CSS then the loss of installation worth of 2550,00 would be borne by the existing company. Equity: It is one of the most prominent way to fund the any of the business plan. At this place , business would be financing the TQM via selling of the share of the company. Apart from that, it is less risky than the debt financing because here owner or the company des not have pay any kind of interest (Jochem, 2009). However, when it comes to ownership, company has to sell its ownership in order to achieve the high technology. Debt: It is another major method of funding any business, or technology or any machinery. Debt financing riskier the equity or own capital or even the retained profit (Lindgreen and Finn, 2010). However, it is very much effective for the SME and large companies because of the easily available and company does not have shared its ownership. Financing Amount Management investment Retained profit and equity earnings 125000 Total equity financings 125000 Bank and lenders Bank loan 126,149 Total debt 126,149 One of the major funding would be from the Equity and debt. Equity would be 40 and debt would be 60. With 60:40 combinations company will buy the TQM software to reduce its operation waste and bring continuity within its supply chain management. 15. Barriers Some of the major barriers would be for the Aldi while installations are given below: SWOT analysis Figure 7: SWOT analysis on TQM model installations (Source: Lim and Lusch, 2011, pp-649) Strengths: One of the major strengths would reduce waste that will be helpful in increase consistency within the production of the Aldi. CSS software would increase the efficiency of the machine and manpower that would increase the production and increase the productivity of the company (Managementhelp.org, 2015). Apart from that, the product that will be produced would be high quality and error free materials which would increase the company market share. Weaknesses: On the other hand, major weaknesses of the TQM implementation would bring change management within the supply chain. This is where the major problems start most of the older employee's fear of losing the job because of the new technology. Apart from that, company needs to hire more skilled manpower for handling the TQM software for which company will have to spend on payroll and recruitment and selection process (Bendapudi and Leone, 2008). Opportunities: With the installation of TQM, chances of rise in the profit will be high. Again, reducing and consistency within the production from the CSS software would decrease the COGS sold and reduced in the administrative cost and waste (Jochem, 2009). Other opportunities, since the company is looking to expand its TQM software, would be given company to sustain in the Global platform to sustain for a longer period because of the continuity in the productions. Threats: The external threat for the company would be the lack of innovations. As the TQM software only look after the consistency in the production and totally ignores the innovation or the RD time for bring up the new products (Chowdhury, 2009). Apart from that, prototyping often creates the situation where the clients mistakenly believe that the system is finished when, in fact, its not. Prototyping model of are pre-implementation of version of systems that are more than one-dimensional structures. 16. Profit and Exit Market approach: It helps in calculating the value of the company in terms of its competitors. As the CSS software is selling its customized software solution to Aldi. In order to do so, CSS software should quote the price right and given the quality in compare to its competitors otherwise the client will move to the substitute company (Freiesleben, 2009). However, it fails to evaluate the benefit of the single industry not the whole. Income approach: It is usually revenue based which will again give enough scope for future discounting company future income (Chang, 2009). In this method, profit is major exit criteria. However, it is based on the opportunity cost that says next best choice. Asset approach: The asset approach would help in offsetting the liabilities but fails in recognizing the value of underpaid labour (Chowdhury, 2009). Apart from that, this method assumes that the entire asset can be converted into liquid cash easily, and the entire debt are easily paid off which is very much untrue in the real world. Reference list Books Afuah, A. (2007) "Business models: A strategic management approach," 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Analoui, F. and Karami, A. (2009) Strategic management in small and medium enterprises - Page 74, London: Thomson learning Dess, G. and Lumpkin, G. (2009) Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Fifeld, P. (2012) Marketing strategy: the difference between marketing and markets. 5th ed. Oxford: Elsevier. Freeman, R. E. (2010) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. 5th ed. London: Prentice Hall. Abrams, R. (2003). The successful business plan. Palto Alto, Calif.: Planning Shop. Abrams, R. and Vallone, J. (2005). Business plan in a day. Palo Alto, Calif.: The Planning Shop. Barrow, C., Barrow, P. and Brown, R. (2008). The business plan workbook. London: Kogan Page. Blackwell, E. (2008). How to prepare a business plan. London: Kogan Page. Finch, B. (2010). How to write a business plan. London: Kogan Page. Luther, W. (2001). The marketing plan. New York: AMACOM. McKeever, M. (2012). How to write a business plan. Berkeley, CA: Nolo. Stutely, R. (2002). The definitive business plan. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Wallace, M. and Webber, L. (2004). The disaster recovery handbook. New York: American Management Association. Young, P. (2007). Business plan. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media. Journals Budyansky, A. (2009). Improved quality tactic. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 20(9), pp.921-930. Chang, G. (2009). Total Quality Management in Supply Chain. International Business Research, 2(2). Chowdhury, U. (2009). Delighting customers: An exploration into the discriminating factors. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 20(2), pp.253-266. Freiesleben, J. (2009). The quest for quality as guided evolution. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 20(11), pp.1263-1271. Jochem, R. (2009). Quality governance. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 20(7), pp.777-785. Prado-Prado, J. (2009). Continuous improvement in the supply chain. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 20(3), pp.301-309. Taiwo, J. (2001). Systems approaches to total quality management. Total Quality Management, 12(7), pp.967-973. Dr. Nigam. A, (2011), Holistic Marketing of Software Products: The New Paradigm International Journal of Computer Science Management Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 01, May 2011 Bendapudi, N. and Leone, R. P. (2008) Psychological Implications of Customer Participation in Co-Production, Journal of Marketing, 67, 1428. Bhattacharya, C. B. and Korschun, D. (2008) Stakeholder marketing: Beyond the four Ps and the customer, Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 27(1), 113116 Bolton, R. N. and Lemon, K. N. (2009) A dynamic model of customers usage of services: Usage as an antecedent and consequence of satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 36, 171186. Bottomley, P. A. and Doyle, J. R. (2008) The formation of attitudes towards brand extensions: testing and generalising Aaker and Kellers model. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13, 4, pp. 365377 Lim, S. C. and Lusch, R. F. (2011) Sales margin and margin capitalization rates: linking marketing activities to shareholder value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39:5, 647-663 Lindgreen, A. Finn, W., (2010) Value in business markets: What do we know? Where are we going? Industrial Marketing Management. 34, pp.732- 748. Websites Asq.org, (2015). TQM - Total Quality Management Resources | ASQ. [online] Available at: https://asq.org/learn-about-quality/total-quality-management/overview/overview.html [Accessed 14 Jan. 2015]. Managementhelp.org, (2015). Total Quality Management (TQM). [online] Available at: https://managementhelp.org/quality/total-quality-management.htm [Accessed 14 Jan. 2015]. web.mit.edu, (2015). Challenges in Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in Large Organizations. [online] Available at: https://web.mit.edu/smadnick/www/wp/2013-07.pdf [Accessed 14 Jan. 2015]. www.rowan.edu, (2015). Acme Consulting-Sample Plan. [online] Available at: https://www.rowan.edu/colleges/business/cie/documents/hitechconsulting_bp.pdf [Accessed 14 Jan. 2015].

A Comparison of Hemingways and Fitzgeralds style of writing Essays

A Comparison of Hemingway?s and Fitzgerald?s style of writing Despite the fact that Ernest Hemingway and F. Scot Fitzgerald were contemporaries of each other their writing styles were very different. For example, Fitzgerald uses very descriptive terminology and language in his writings. In his short story ?The Ice Palace? Fitzgerald begins by writing ?The sunlight dripped over the house like golden paint over an art jar, and the freckling shadows here and there only intensified the rigor of the bath of light? (1). Words such as these could only come from someone who is used to expressive flowery lines. Fitzgerald loves to explore description. The more eloquently and wordy his sentences the more healthy they become. When describing two drunkards walking down the street he writes, ?They were ugly, ill-nourished, devoid of all except the very lowest form of intelligence, and without even that animal exuberance that in itself brings color into life; they were lately vermin-ridden, cold, and hungry in a dirty town of a strange land; they were poor, friendless; tossed as driftwood from their births, they would be tossed as driftwood to their deaths? (48). Nothing is simple for Fitzgerald. He is the creator of a vivid and wonderful world. Hemingway, on the other hand, is the master of short and simple sentences. His writing style is nearly the opposite of Fitzgerald?s. From his short story ?Hills Like White Elephants? one can see his simplistic style. What should we drink the girl asked. She had taken off her hat and put it on the table. ?It?s pretty hot,? the man said. ?Let?s drink beer (1). Hemingway does not go into much detail at all when describing or defining. His sentences are masterfully compact and to the point. The reader does not have to wonder what Hemingway is trying to convey because the thrust of his writing is laid out simply and straightforwardly. I particularly enjoy reading Hemingway for his simplistic style. The long descriptive narratives that Fitzgerald uses sometimes lose me in their detail. Once a Fitzge rald paragraph is read, I must admit there are times when I have to go back and reread the paragraphs before to remember what the story line was. With Hemingway I have no such problems. His stories are much easier to grasp and understand.

Free Essays on John Wooden

Wooden John Wooden shares the important personal philosophies that helped make him the winningest college coach of all time. Wooden’s codes are of the traditional kind, centering on family, faith, friends off the court and organization, dedication, and preparation on the hardwood. This look talks about more than just basketball. It talks about the most important game of all- life. It teaches you that hard work and determination can get you anywhere. It also teaches you lessons on life that will make you a great player and person. John Robert Wooden was born on October 10, 1910 in Martinsville, Indiana. He is the son of Joshua and Roxie Anna Wooden. John is a big family man, and it’s a good thing because he has a large family. Shortly after high school, he married his sweetheart Nell, they had two children, son James and daughter Nancy. He also has seven grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren. In high school John led Martinsville High to the 1927 Indiana State title. John went on to Purdue University where he earned All-American honors as a point guard from 1930-1932. He also led Purdue to the National Championship and later named College Basketball Player of the Year in 1932. After turning down a chance to play professional so he could be closer to his family. John decided to teach and coach at a high school. John had a few more coaching jobs before he landed the one at UCLA. Coach Wooden led UCLA to an unprecedented ten NCAA Basketball Championships in 12 years, including seven in a row. J ohn Wooden became the first player ever to be inducted into the National Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player (1960) and a coach in 1972 and retired in 1975 with a 40-year coaching record of 885-203, the winningest record in the history of basketball. John Wooden was raised on a farm in Indiana. His parents, Joshua and Roxie Anna, taught John from the time he was young how to act and treat others. John learned how to be ... Free Essays on John Wooden Free Essays on John Wooden Wooden John Wooden shares the important personal philosophies that helped make him the winningest college coach of all time. Wooden’s codes are of the traditional kind, centering on family, faith, friends off the court and organization, dedication, and preparation on the hardwood. This look talks about more than just basketball. It talks about the most important game of all- life. It teaches you that hard work and determination can get you anywhere. It also teaches you lessons on life that will make you a great player and person. John Robert Wooden was born on October 10, 1910 in Martinsville, Indiana. He is the son of Joshua and Roxie Anna Wooden. John is a big family man, and it’s a good thing because he has a large family. Shortly after high school, he married his sweetheart Nell, they had two children, son James and daughter Nancy. He also has seven grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren. In high school John led Martinsville High to the 1927 Indiana State title. John went on to Purdue University where he earned All-American honors as a point guard from 1930-1932. He also led Purdue to the National Championship and later named College Basketball Player of the Year in 1932. After turning down a chance to play professional so he could be closer to his family. John decided to teach and coach at a high school. John had a few more coaching jobs before he landed the one at UCLA. Coach Wooden led UCLA to an unprecedented ten NCAA Basketball Championships in 12 years, including seven in a row. J ohn Wooden became the first player ever to be inducted into the National Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player (1960) and a coach in 1972 and retired in 1975 with a 40-year coaching record of 885-203, the winningest record in the history of basketball. John Wooden was raised on a farm in Indiana. His parents, Joshua and Roxie Anna, taught John from the time he was young how to act and treat others. John learned how to be ...

Slavery Caused Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Slavery Caused Freedom - Essay Example In America's history, the events surrounding the story of Jamestown and Plymouth are among the most important. They involve the story of the English settlers who went on a voyage and landed the shores of America. These stories became the points of reference of the culture of America. Also, in the century-long gap between the stories of these two civilizations and the Declaration of Independence from England, that means that the original settlers already passed away, and there was no original settler to tell the story --- leaving everything to the latter generations of people who never actually witnessed the events themselves. Plymouth is actually considered as the origin of American democracy because the Pilgrims allowed objections in the midst of struggles between democracy and theocracy (Morgan 35). Jamestown, on the other hand, was founded on purely economic agenda, and it encouraged further colonization, because it showed the Englishmen that one can sustain a colony away from one 's original lands. The impact here is long decades of slavery for the African people. Also, for the Indian natives, it seemed to be the end of their culture. However, one also cannot deny that is during the Jamestown civilization that a more open social order started. The political, social and military history of colonial America affected the evolution in several ways. One way to analyze the political struggle towards independence is to look at the colonial settlement and political history of the USA.   This way, one can see what brought about the changes in the government that led things to where they are now. Foner even states: â€Å"eventually, they would be accorded the right to self-government, although no one could be sure how long this would take. In the meantime, 'empire' was another word for 'exploitation'†

Case Study - Rumpole Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study - Rumpole Ltd - Essay Example The positive NPV indicates that the company will generate sufficient cash inflows, which will cover the initial investment and generate profits for the company. The payback period is also estimated at 2 23/69 years. The project has a positive NPV and the payback period appears to be reasonable (Kinney & Raiborn, 2008). On the basis of the project evaluation with positive NPV and reasonable payback period, it could be recommended to the company that it should go with the project. Since, the company is currently considering only one project therefore, it will be appropriate for the company to go ahead with the project. Otherwise, the company should consider other projects, which have higher positive NPV and short payback period (Maher et al., 2012). The financing required for the project requires assessment of different types of funding sources available to the company. Since, Rumpole Ltd. is a private company, therefore it will not be possible for the company to acquire its funding from issuance of share capital or debt instrument in the secondary market. The company has two options from which it could raise capital for the net project. These include raising funds from internal equity and / or external debt financing. Internal equity comprises of retained earnings of the company. These earnings are accumulated over the year and disclosed on the face of the company’s balance sheet. These earnings are available to the company for investing into the company’s existing operations or investing in the new project, which the company is considering at the moment (Brigham, 2013). Managing retained earnings require time. In short run, the company will have to manage its working capital. Active recoveries will work a lot. Aging of the receivables should be monitored actively. Buffer levels of inventory should be lowered so that lesser amount is bound in stock. On the other hand, the company can also raise from external sources. The company can

Analysis Of Wordsworths Resolution And Independence English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Wordsworths Resolution And Independence English Literature Essay The poet establishes in the first two stanzas the mood of nature when he traveled on the moor. The tense can be confusing. Wordsworth begins in the simple past, but the past serves here the uses of the present in the sense of active recollection of emotion in present tranquility. The BUT at the beginning of stanza four introduces the contrast that exists between the joy of nature and the dejection of the poet. The time that he recalls was one of a rising sun, calm and bright, singing birds in the distant woods, the pleasant noise of waters in the air, the world teeming with all things that love the sun, the grass jeweled with rain-drops, the hare running is his glee. But the poets morning is one subjectivity of dejection; on this morning did fears and fancies come upon him profusely. In the midst of the sky-lark warbling in the sky, he likens himself unto the playful hare; even such a happy child of earth am I / even as these blissful creatures do I fare; / far from the world I walk, and from all careà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. This is the joyous side of his life. But, in the midst of the joy, he thinks of that other kind of day that might come to him, that day of solitude, pain of heart, distress, and poverty. In stanza 6 he recalls how his life has been as a summer, mood, how the sustenance of life in all its nourishing variations has come to him so gratuitously. But, then he thinks also of the possibility that it will not continue so for one who takes no practical thought for his own care and keep. The question is, how long will nature continue to give freely to one who does not with diligent responsibility harvest grain for the garner of future days: but how can He [ in this case the poet himself] expect that others should / Blind for him, sow for him, and at his call / Love him; who for himself will take no heed at all? the poet thinks of himself as poet, one endowed with his own privileged, joyous place in life, there comes to his mind the names of Thomas Chatteron and Robert Burns, poets in the English tradition that Wordsworth would admire. The association that he makes of himself with them is at one and the same time joyous and imminent: we poets in our use begin in gladness;/ but thereof come in the end despondency and madness. The universal joy of the poets life is contemplated in range of potential sorrow. The beginning of stanza 8 marks a turning point in the poem. From this juncture to the end, the poet will tell how he learned what we find in the title, resolution and independence, and he learns significantly from a wanderer, a man who has subsisted on the gathering of leeches, a man who is now a beggar. As the poet thinks his untoward thoughts about life and struggles with all their depressing suggestions, he meets in a lovely place beside a pool bare to the eye of heaven, a solitary man, the poet says the oldest man he seemed that ever wore grey hairs. The poet interprets his meeting with him to be verily a gift of Devine Grace. Stanza nine is Wordsworths long simile for the old solitary. The purpose of the simile is to describe the leech gatherer as alive but almost not alive. Wordsworth compares him to a huge stoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦/ couched on the bald top of an eminence, and to a sea- beast crawled forth through using the sea beast as simile for the stone. The old man is virt ually one with the scene amidst which he sits; he has very nearly become one with nature: motionless as a cloud the old man stood, / that hearth not the loud winds when they callà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The encounter reveals to the poet a man of great age, bent double, feet and head / coming together in lifes pilgrimageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. He looks as if he might be made taut in his bent posture by the tight strain of some past suffering, rage, or sickness. The poet is picturing him as very nearly supernatural, at least somehow beyond the usual scope of human experience: he seemed to bear a more than human weightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. In stanzas 12- 15, the old man finally moves. The poet sees him stir the waters by which he stands and then looks with fixed scrutiny into the pond, which he conned , / as if he had been reading in a bookà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The poet greets him, and the old man makes a gentle answer, in courteous speech which forth he slowly drewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Wordsworth uses the whole of stanza fourteen to describe his speech, lofty utterance, stately speech. In lines 88 and 89, the poet asks him what his occupation is, and suggests that the place in which he dwells may be too lonely for such a person as he. The old man identifies his work as leech- gathering; this is why he is in such a lonely place. He must, being old and poor, finds his subsistence here, though the work may be hazardous and wearisome. He depends on Gods Providence to help him find lodging. But in all, he can be sure that he gains an honest maintenance, however much he may have to roam from pond to pondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ from m oor to moor. In lines106-119, the poets responses to the old leech-gatherer are told. While the old man had been answering his question about employment and placement in so lonely a setting, the poet becomes absorbed in the strange aspects of him who speaks. He loses the detail of answer the leech-gatherer is making; he cannot divide his words one from another. Lines 109-112 contain the essence of the poets articulation of his feelings. They should be read carefully and compared to other passages in Wordsworths poetry where he attempts to give voice to experience that is very close to mystical absorption. Observe here that the poet finds himself absorbed in the being of the solitary: And the whole body of the man did seem Like one whom I had met with in a dream; Or like a man from some far region sent, To give me human strength, by apt admonishment. But the poets dejection returns. He thinks again the heavy thoughts of fear, of resistant, recalcitrant, cold, pain, and labour, and all fleshly ills, and of those poets who have been mighty, but who have died in misery. He yearns to find some message of strength and hope in the leech-gathers words, so he asks again, how is it that you live, and what is it you do? In lines120-126, the leech-gatherer repeats the nature of his work, but he adds that whereas he once could gather the object of his industry easily, he now because of the growing scarcity of leeches must travel more extensively- still he perseveres. In lines127-133, the poet relates more of his private, unspoken response to the old Man. Against it happens that his mind wanders, as in stanza 16, while the leech-gatherer is answering his question. The poet pictures him as even more a solitary than he is in his present state; the poets imagination working on the figure before him makes of the wandering solitary very nearly a transcendent being, silent and eternal: In my minds eye (the poet affirms) I seemed to see him pace / About the weary moors continually, / wandering about alone and silently. The poet is troubled by his own imaginative responses to the Man before him, but not troubled in a bad sense. This is the ministry of fear that we find so often in Wordsworths work. In lines 134-140, the leech-gatherers resolution and independence is obvious to the poet in the way he moves from economically precarious condition to more cheerful utterances. The old Man before the poet is obviously a person of firm mind, however decrepit he might in appearance seem. He remains in the midst of whatever misfortune the society of man or isolation with the bare elements bearing him, a person of kind demeanor and stately bearing. The poet compares himself to the leech-gatherer and scorns himself for his dejection. He takes the old Man into his memory as an another point for future days and asks that God will help him to preserve what he has learnt: God, said I, be my help and stay secure; Ill think of the leech-gatherer on the lonely moor! As suggested in other places in this study, most of Wordsworths solitaries live as a part of the nature in which they move. There is the effect in this poem of the leech-gatherer going in and out of nature; the poet is for a time aware of him as a person confronting him face-to-face, but then he loses touch with him, as if he had blended back into the nature out of which he had momentarily stepped. One might profitably compare stanza sixteen, where Wordsworth speaks of the leech-gatherer as coming to him as if out of dream, which the Simplon Pass episode in Book Sixth of The Prelude. About line 600 of that book Wordsworth speaks of an imaginative experience in the following terms: in such strength of usurpation, when the light of sense Goes out, but with a flash that has revealed The invisible world, doth greatness make abode, There harboursà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . Wordsworths light of sense near to going out at least twice while he is talking to the leech-gatherer. One may also interestingly compare Wordsworths responses to the vision on Mount Snowdon in Book Fourteenth of The Prelude with his experiences while talking to the old Man he met on the moors. He certainly intends for the reader to be impressed with the leech-gatherers insistence on survival, survival that comes to him, we feel, to great degree because of a sheer act of will. Again, as with many of Wordsworths solitaries, courage is presented as with many of Wordsworths solitaries, courage is presented as the capacity to endure. There is a notable difference, however, between the courage of Michael and the courage of the leech-gatherer; never being sure he will find them, as she has been to Michael, who, though his farm is eventually lost after his death to owners outside his family, can live the total of his years on land that has been made his been own. Michael draws continual sus tenance more from his own deep wells of unyielding fortitude. There is an obvious contrast also in this regard between the leech-gatherer and the Old Cumberland Beggar. The leech-gatherer accepts housing from those who will help him, but he does not have the regularity of affection and acts of kindness that the persons in the community of the Old Cumberland Beggar an area of nature in which he can live and die, in which he can make his home, Those who care for him are almost neighbors to him. The leech-gatherer is much more thrown on his own resources. It is in this that the poet learns his greatest lesson from him. There is in the encounter between the poet and the leech-gatherer the work of Providence. Wordsworth seems to say in the poem (and in the letter he wrote about the poet) that this old Man was sent to him for his own rehabilitation. This may seem in some ears to be very close to blaspheming the preciously human, that one human being would be so sacrified fro the instruction and welfare of another. But the rediscovery of stability and hope in the midst of dejection for the poet who writes the poem is certainly the direction of things from the early stanza of the poem, where the glory of the natural surroundings seem to be functioning expressly for the poets interesting. The hare that leaps joyfully through the first five stanza of the poem (mentioned three times in the five stanzas, in the second, third, and fifth) becomes in a way emblematic of the poets life. The hare is also a servant of the benignant Grace of God, bringing to the poet reminders that he is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦such a happ y child of earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . There may be in the background the biblical records of Gods directly expressed mercy for man, even as incursions that cut with the particularity of biographical facts. But the leach- gatherer comes not so much in the mood and manner of historical encounter as he comes in the form of natures extension of herself, ministering through an agency that is close to being more a natural agency than a human one. With regard to the language of the poem, Wordsworth is working with a seven- line stanza or rhyme royal. The longer last line has the effect of slowing down the narrative and giving more time to the reader for consideration. Wordsworths highly conscious artistry can be seen in his careful use of similes that describe the old man of the poem. The stone and the sea- beast of stanza nine, and the cloud in stanza eleven convey a sense of life that is highly worthy of the word. On the subject of the language of the poem, one may question whether the diction that the poet attributes to the leach- gatherer is a selection of language really used by menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. In stanza fourteen, the old mans speech is described as choice words and measured phrase, above the reach / of ordinary menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Wordsworth as a narrative poet has most of his characters as active, persons committed to action. He consistently draws his characters so that they are easily recognizable as human beings. They are usually three- dimensional characters that have definite features. For all of his shared identity with nature_ which is to a very great degree_ we still meet the leach- gatherer as man, not as thing. Stanza ten and eleven are examples of Wordsworths ability to create character in a relatively few lines; in this he shares a fame that is owned by only a few artists. The leach- gatherer is easily visualized, with his body bent double, propped, limbs, body, and pale face. / upon a long grey stuff of shaven woodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . such vivid character drawing is necessary to give the old man the action of personality that he has, an action essential to his being for the poet a model of resolution and independence. Wordsworths characters are real because we can think of them as human beings. Howev er heroic the leach- gatherer may be, his heroism does not take him beyond the limits of the human. We have in him no Achilles. His heroism is the kind that can be attained by human beings we know and meet. Generally Wordsworths characters are real because we can think of them as human beings. The leach- gatherer shares much more with Abraham than with Achilles. Sources: Barashc, F. The romantic Poets. Monarch press. New York: 1991. Hough, G. The Romantic Poets. 1964.

Gwendolyn Brooks Essay -- essays research papers

Gwendolyn Brooks- A Critical Analysis of Her Work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gwendolyn Brooks is the female poet who has been most responsive to changes in the black community, particularly in the community’s vision of itself. The first African American to be awarded a Pulitzer Prize; she was considered one of America’s most distinguished poets well before the age of fifty. Known for her technical artistry, she has succeeded in forms as disparate as Italian terza rima and the blues. She has been praised for her wisdom and insight into the African Experience in America. Her works reflect both the paradises and the hells of the black people of the world. Her writing is objective, but her characters speak for themselves. Although the idiom is local, the message is universal. Brooks uses ordinary speech, only words that will strengthen, and richness of sound to create effective poetry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem The Bean Eaters (see the included poems) is a fine example of all three of these key elements. First and foremost is the use of ordinary speech. For instance the lines They eat beans mostly, this old yellow pair / Dinner is a casual affair. Each of these words are easily understandable. Though plain speech, each word is used more differently and more intensely than in ordinary discourse. Old yellow pair resounds with more meaning than old couple. â€Å"Yellow† implies faded or old; â€Å"Pair† is more compassionate than â€Å"couple†, suggesting more of a connection than just a matchup. Though easily readable, the first line sets a tone of tenderness. Dinner is a casual affair is also a unique statement. Though five plain words, each is used effectively to create an irony which is maintained for the rest of the stanza. â€Å"Dinner† and â€Å"affair† imply more formal situations, but yet are described as â€Å"casual.â €  This vague irony is further developed in the next two lines, Plain chipware on a plain and creaking wood, / Tin flatware. Chipware is Brooks’s own term, which originates from flatware. â€Å"Dinnerware† implies wealth and elegance, while chipware implies aged dishes used by the poor. Yet, chipware also calls up the dignity of dinnerware. The â€Å"plain and creaking wood† or table reinforces a sense of poverty. Consistent with the preceding images, â€Å"Tin flatware† implies cheapness because of tin, but also refinement from â€Å"flatware.† Each word is used to add or ... ...eal Cool† are crisp words that impart the almost punchy style of the seven characters’ speech. This use of sound is again seen in the lines â€Å"Your sky may burn with light, / While mine, at the same moment, / Spreads beautiful to darkness.† The description of the sky burning with light personifies the blazing of the sun; and the spreading of the darkness creates an even more powerful mental image. A careful inspection of each of these poems also reveals that no words are used that do not contribute to the meaning of the poem. â€Å"We Real Cool† acquires a powerful meaning through the employment of only thirty-two words. â€Å"Corners on the curving sky also is quite brief, but still very powerful, and it only contains fourteen lines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important to not that the direction of Brooks’s literary career shifted dramatically in the late 1960’s. While attending a black writers’ conference she was struck by the passion of the young poets. Before this happened, she had regarded herself as essentially a universalist, who happened to be black. After the conference, she shifted from writing about her poems about black people and life to writing for the black population. Gwendolyn Brooks Essay -- essays research papers Gwendolyn Brooks- A Critical Analysis of Her Work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gwendolyn Brooks is the female poet who has been most responsive to changes in the black community, particularly in the community’s vision of itself. The first African American to be awarded a Pulitzer Prize; she was considered one of America’s most distinguished poets well before the age of fifty. Known for her technical artistry, she has succeeded in forms as disparate as Italian terza rima and the blues. She has been praised for her wisdom and insight into the African Experience in America. Her works reflect both the paradises and the hells of the black people of the world. Her writing is objective, but her characters speak for themselves. Although the idiom is local, the message is universal. Brooks uses ordinary speech, only words that will strengthen, and richness of sound to create effective poetry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem The Bean Eaters (see the included poems) is a fine example of all three of these key elements. First and foremost is the use of ordinary speech. For instance the lines They eat beans mostly, this old yellow pair / Dinner is a casual affair. Each of these words are easily understandable. Though plain speech, each word is used more differently and more intensely than in ordinary discourse. Old yellow pair resounds with more meaning than old couple. â€Å"Yellow† implies faded or old; â€Å"Pair† is more compassionate than â€Å"couple†, suggesting more of a connection than just a matchup. Though easily readable, the first line sets a tone of tenderness. Dinner is a casual affair is also a unique statement. Though five plain words, each is used effectively to create an irony which is maintained for the rest of the stanza. â€Å"Dinner† and â€Å"affair† imply more formal situations, but yet are described as â€Å"casual.â €  This vague irony is further developed in the next two lines, Plain chipware on a plain and creaking wood, / Tin flatware. Chipware is Brooks’s own term, which originates from flatware. â€Å"Dinnerware† implies wealth and elegance, while chipware implies aged dishes used by the poor. Yet, chipware also calls up the dignity of dinnerware. The â€Å"plain and creaking wood† or table reinforces a sense of poverty. Consistent with the preceding images, â€Å"Tin flatware† implies cheapness because of tin, but also refinement from â€Å"flatware.† Each word is used to add or ... ...eal Cool† are crisp words that impart the almost punchy style of the seven characters’ speech. This use of sound is again seen in the lines â€Å"Your sky may burn with light, / While mine, at the same moment, / Spreads beautiful to darkness.† The description of the sky burning with light personifies the blazing of the sun; and the spreading of the darkness creates an even more powerful mental image. A careful inspection of each of these poems also reveals that no words are used that do not contribute to the meaning of the poem. â€Å"We Real Cool† acquires a powerful meaning through the employment of only thirty-two words. â€Å"Corners on the curving sky also is quite brief, but still very powerful, and it only contains fourteen lines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important to not that the direction of Brooks’s literary career shifted dramatically in the late 1960’s. While attending a black writers’ conference she was struck by the passion of the young poets. Before this happened, she had regarded herself as essentially a universalist, who happened to be black. After the conference, she shifted from writing about her poems about black people and life to writing for the black population.

Did God Create The World or was it Created by Chance?

Many atheists argue that religious believers have blind faith ,but does it not take blind faith to believe that DNA and cells were created by chance. The DNA is too complicated to have just been created by chance. Think of the dictionary, if I told someone that I thought the dictionary was created by chance over billions of years ago you would think I was insane. Remember the second law of Thermodynamics- High Complexity equals low Entropy and Low Complexity equals high entropy. This means the more complex something is the more organised it will be. So in the beginning there was low complexity so must have meant high entropy or chaos, well then how was the earth created with such low complexity and such little apparent chaos. Also how does a DNA get created by chance if it comes from nothing. Years ago microscopes were useless and when you looked at a cell you would just see a blob. It could be easy to think that this blob came by accident. Which leads me to my second point how can something be created from nothing. In the beginning there was nothing and now according to many scientists there is everything. By everything I mean the earth and the universe. In living cells the catalysts are enzymes. In the 1980s there was another kind of enzyme found, this was the RNA molecule. The RNA molecule (which is also a carrier of genetic information and a catalyst) or ribozyme sped up the making of the basic DNA and protein. But even including this assuming a ribosome is 300 nucleotides long and every nucleotide has 4 types of different nucleotides on it the calculation would 4^300 which is a number far too great to have taken even 13 billion years to do let alone 4. 54 billion years. Other people besides creationist do not believe the Big Bang. Some people who want to deny God might say the ‘Intelligent Design Theory’ which states cells need a designer they are far too complex to have happened randomly. Think of it this way ‘Darwin’s Black Box’ which is a microscopic machine which was created to move the little flagellum a little bit took many years to create and was very complex it should be even harder to make everything else in the bacterium and to say it was created by chance would be preposterous. Opponents to Intelligent Theory Design hypothesise that there is a cluster of universes; more than our own observable universe. If our universe were one instance in a population of failed universes, then the fact that ours is fine-tuned for life would not be surprising. If this was true though and there were an infinite amount of universes then that means anything is possible. For example in one universe there could be an actual Easter Bunny living with an actual Father Christmas. So if this multiverse theory were to be true and there were many other parallel universes then that would leave an even bigger problem. Where are they? How do we know we are the ‘perfect’ planet. If this universe is fine-tuned and that is the reason why we are 19. 6 million kilometres from the sun or why gravity is not a little bit greater so the stars don’t become red-dwarfs. If they were red-dwarfs they would have been too cold to support life-bearing planets. All the rest of the planets are unfit for human life and this shows how unique the earth is which I believe must have taken a creator. Time is the creator of all things Well this is how it works we think to ourselves nothing is impossible, so the impossible become probable. The probable then becomes certain and the certain becomes reality. Spontaneous Generation is the theory that life came from inorganic materials but was proven wrong by Louis Pasteur. He wrote that you would need a parent cell to create another cell, it cannot just be formed just like that. Anyone who does believe in spontaneous generation have been deluded by their own poorly conducted experiments. Atheist prefer to hear that life came from inorganic substances instead of a creator or miracle. This makes sense because atheists believe that the universe just ‘popped’ into existence. One minute nothing, next minute everything. The earth also had to have been find tuned from the moments of its inception for it to be able to sustain life. And nothing was living in the beginning so there couldn’t have been any parent cell. This is thought of as Abiogenesis which the process by which living organisms are created from non-living things. This is obviously not true because there are no living things on earth that have come from non-living things. Why does science not know where the birds and butterflies migrate to? Why is we need maps and aids to help us fly our planes? How come a butterfly can fly to someplace it wants to get without any aid? Insects are very far down the evolutionary time scales. How does the most highly evolved life forms not have the capabilities of a simple butterfly. There are many things in nature we cannot replicate or improve upon. Things in nature are said to be the product of chance and time. Well what is time? How much does it weigh? What does it consist of? Time is not a thing. Time is a non-being. So you can add time to help you figure out the Big Bang Theory but in the end what existed first ,time or matter? Can time exist without matter? Things in nature are just too beautiful to be the outcome of a giant, random, nonsensical implosion. So according to atheists, if we leave chance and time to do its work on our computers ,will they just become the most high-flying, amazing piece of kits ever? NO, of course not. Birds can do all sorts of things,fly upside down, land on a thin piece of wire. Why can’t an aeroplane manoeuvre as well as a bird. If the bird just came by chance surely we could come with something much better than that. In 1953 Stanley Miller passed a spark through a chosen mixture of gases. What he found changed science forever. The gasses formed amino-acids. Amino acids which are the main ingredients in proteins. Proteins are what make up most of our body. In truth amino acids do link up together to form proteins but that is like saying bricks will come together to form a house . You would be missing important parts of the house like a door and a bathroom. This is the same for proteins ,they are far too complex to have been created just using amino acids. Some people also believe that there was a special protein which assembled itself by chance in a prebiotic environment. Prebiotic is the general term to refer to chemicals that induce the growth or activity of micro-organisms. Double Thinkers are also another sort of theory. It is the belief that God helped start evolution and the world. To Double Think actually means the acceptance of contrary opinions or beliefs at the same time, especially as a result of political indoctrination. In conclusion everything can’t start from one point of inception full of nothing. The Multiverse Theory is too extreme and crazy. To say that there are billions of other universes where something impossible in this universe is possible in another ,is too farcical to even consider. If we still believe in the Big Bang Theory then why is it still a theory and where does all the starting matter come from? ‘Our minds work in real time, which begins at the Big Bang and will end, if there is a Big Crunch – which seems unlikely, now, from the latest data showing accelerating expansion. Consciousness would come to an end at a singularity. ’-Stephen Hawking.

Brief Biography of Sharpshooter Annie Oakley

Blessed with a natural talent for sharp-shooting, Annie Oakley proved herself dominant in a sport that was long considered a mans domain. Oakley was a gifted entertainer as well; her performances with Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show brought international fame, making her one of the most celebrated female performers of her time. Annie Oakleys unique and adventurous life has inspired numerous books and films as well as a popular musical. Annie Oakley was born Phoebe Ann Moses on August 13, 1860 in rural Darke County, Ohio, the fifth daughter of Jacob and Susan Moses. The Moses family had moved to Ohio from Pennsylvania after their business—a small inn—had burned to the ground in 1855. The family lived in a one-room log cabin, surviving on game they caught and crops they grew. Another daughter and a son were born after Phoebe. Annie, as Phoebe was called, was a tomboy who preferred spending time outdoors with her father over household chores and playing with dolls. When Annie was only five, her father died of pneumonia after being caught in a blizzard. Susan Moses struggled to keep her family fed. Annie supplemented their food supply with squirrels and birds that she trapped. At the age of eight, Annie began sneaking out with her fathers old rifle to practice shooting in the woods. She quickly became skilled at killing prey with one shot. By the time Annie was ten, her mother could no longer support the children. Some were sent to neighbors farms; Annie was sent to work at the county poor house. Soon afterward, a family hired her as live-in help in exchange for wages as well as room and board. But the family, who Annie later described as wolves, treated Annie as a slave. They refused to pay her wages and beat her, leaving scars on her back for life. After nearly two years, Annie was able to escape to the nearest train station. A generous stranger paid her train fare home. Annie was reunited with her mother, but only briefly. Because of her dire financial situation, Susan Moses was forced to send Annie back to the county poor house. Making a Living Annie worked at the county poor house for three more years; she then returned to her mothers home at the age of 15. Annie could now resume her favorite pastime—hunting. Some of the game she shot was used to feed her family, but the surplus was sold to general stores and restaurants. Many customers specifically requested Annie’s game because she shot so cleanly (through the head), which eliminated the problem of having to clean buckshot out of the meat. With money coming in regularly, Annie helped her mother pay off the mortgage on their house. For the rest of her life, Annie Oakley made her living with a gun. By the 1870s, target shooting had become a popular sport in the United States. Spectators attended competitions in which shooters fired at live birds, glass balls, or clay disks. Trick shooting, also popular, was usually performed in theaters and involved the risky practice of shooting items out of a colleagues hand or off the top of their head. In rural areas such as where Annie lived, game-shooting competitions were a common form of entertainment. Annie participated in some local turkey shoots but was eventually banned because she always won. Annie entered a pigeon-shooting match in 1881 against a single opponent, unaware that soon her life would change forever. Butler and Oakley Annies opponent in the match was Frank Butler, a sharp-shooter in the circus. He made the 80-mile trek from Cincinnati to rural Greenville, Ohio in the hopes of winning the $100 prize. Frank had been told only that he would be up against a local crack shot. Assuming that his competitor would be a farm boy, Frank was shocked to see the petite, attractive 20-year old Annie Moses. He was even more surprised that she beat him in the match. Frank, ten years older than Annie, was captivated by the quiet young woman. He returned to his tour and the two corresponded by mail for several months. They were married sometime in 1882, but the exact date has never been verified. Once married, Annie traveled with Frank on tour. One evening, Franks partner became ill and Annie took over for him at an indoor theater shoot. The audience loved watching the five-foot-tall woman who easily and expertly handled a heavy rifle. Annie and Frank became partners on the touring circuit, billed as Butler and Oakley. It is not known why Annie picked the name Oakley; possibly it came from the name of a neighborhood in Cincinnati. Annie Meets Sitting Bull Following a performance in St. Paul, Minnesota in March 1894, Annie met Sitting Bull who had been in the audience. The Lakota Sioux Indian chief was infamous as the warrior who had led his men into battle at Little Bighorn at Custers Last Stand in 1876. Although officially a prisoner of the U.S. government, Sitting Bull was allowed to travel and make appearances for money. Once reviled as a savage, he had become the object of fascination. Sitting Bull was impressed by Annies shooting skills, which included shooting the cork off a bottle and hitting the cigar her husband held in his mouth. When the chief met Annie, he reportedly asked if he could adopt her as his daughter. The adoption was not official, but the two became lifelong friends. It was Sitting Bull who bestowed upon Annie the Lakota name Watanya Cicilia, or Little Sure Shot. Buffalo Bill Cody and The Wild West Show In December 1884, Annie and Frank traveled with the circus to New Orleans. An unusually rainy winter forced the circus to close down until summer, leaving Annie and Frank in need of jobs. They approached Buffalo Bill Cody, whose Wild West Show (a combination of rodeo acts and western skits) was also in town. At first, Cody turned them down because he already had several shooting acts and most of them were more famous than Oakley and Butler. In March of 1885, Cody decided to give Annie a chance after his star shooter, world champion Adam Bogardus, quit the show. Cody would hire Annie on a trial basis following an audition in Louisville, Kentucky. Codys business manager arrived early at the park where Annie was practicing prior to the audition. He watched her from afar and was so impressed, he signed her on even before Cody showed up. Annie soon became a featured performer in a solo act. Frank, well aware that Annie was the star in the family, stepped aside and took on a managerial role in her career. Annie dazzled the audience, shooting with speed and precision at moving targets, often while riding a horse. For one of her most impressive stunts, Annie fired backward over her shoulder, using only a table knife to view the reflection of her target. In what became a trademark move, Annie skipped offstage at the end of each performance, ending with a little kick in the air. In 1885, Annies friend Sitting Bull joined the Wild West Show. He would stay one year. The Wild West Tours England In spring of 1887, the Wild West performers—along with horses, buffalo, and elk—set sail for London, England to participate in the celebration of Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee (the fiftieth anniversary of her coronation). The show was immensely popular, prompting even the reclusive queen to attend a special performance. Over a six-month period, the Wild West Show drew more than 2.5 million people to the London appearance alone; thousands more attended in cities outside of London. Annie was adored by the British public, who found her modest demeanor charming. She was showered with gifts—and even proposals—and was the guest of honor at parties and balls. True to her homespun values, Annie refused to wear ball gowns, preferring instead her homemade dresses. Leaving the Show In the meantime, Annies relationship with Cody was becoming increasingly strained, in part because Cody had hired Lillian Smith, a teenaged female sharpshooter. Without giving any explanation, Frank and Annie quit the Wild West Show and returned to New York in December 1887. Annie made a living by competing in shooting competitions, then later joined a newly-formed wild west show, the Pawnee Bill Show. The show was a scaled-down version of Codys show, but Frank and Annie werent happy there. They negotiated a deal with Cody to return to the Wild West Show, which no longer included Annies rival Lillian Smith. Cody’s show returned to Europe in 1889, this time for a three-year tour of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. During this trip, Annie was troubled by the poverty she saw in each country. It was the beginning of her lifelong commitment to donating money to charities and orphanages. Settling Down After years of living out of trunks, Frank and Annie were ready to settle down in a real home during the shows off-season (November through mid-March). They built a house in Nutley, New Jersey and moved into it in December 1893. The couple never had children, but it is unknown whether or not this was by choice. During the winter months, Frank and Annie took vacations in the southern states, where they usually did a lot of hunting. In 1894 Annie was invited by inventor Thomas Edison of nearby West Orange, New Jersey, to be filmed on his new invention, the kinetoscope (a forerunner of the movie camera). The brief film shows Annie Oakley expertly shooting out glass balls mounted on a board, then hitting coins thrown up in the air by her husband. In October 1901, as the Wild West train cars traveled through rural Virginia, troupe members were awakened by a sudden, violent crash. Their train had been hit head-on by another train. Miraculously, none of the people were killed, but about 100 of the shows horses died on impact. Annies hair turned white following the accident, reportedly from the shock. Annie and Frank decided it was time to leave the show. Scandal for Annie Oakley Annie and Frank found work after leaving the Wild West show. Annie, sporting a brown wig to cover her white hair, starred in a play written just for her. The Western Girl played in New Jersey and was well-received but never made it to Broadway. Frank became a salesman for an ammunition company. They were content in their new lives. Everything changed on August 11, 1903, when the Chicago Examiner printed a scandalous story about Annie. According to the story, Annie Oakley had been arrested for stealing to support a cocaine habit. Within days, the story had spread to other newspapers around the country. It was, in fact, a case of mistaken identity. The woman arrested was a performer who had gone by the stage name Any Oakley in a burlesque Wild West show. Anyone familiar with the real Annie Oakley knew that the stories were false, but Annie couldnt let it go. Her reputation had been tarnished. Annie demanded that each and every newspaper print a retraction; some of them did. But that wasnt enough. For the next six years, Annie testified at one trial after another as she sued 55 newspapers for libel. In the end, she won about $800,000, less than she had paid in legal expenses. The entire experience aged Annie greatly, but she felt vindicated. Final Years Annie and Frank kept busy, traveling together to advertise for Franks employer, a cartridge company. Annie participated in exhibitions and shooting tournaments and received offers to join several western shows. She re-entered show business in 1911, joining the Young Buffalo Wild West Show. Even in her 50s, Annie could still draw a crowd. She finally retired from show business for good in 1913. Annie and Frank bought a house in Maryland and spent winters in Pinehurst, North Carolina, where Annie gave free shooting lessons to local women. She also donated her time to raising funds for various charities and hospitals. In November 1922, Annie and Frank were involved in a car accident in which the car flipped over, landing on Annie and fracturing her hip and ankle. She never fully recovered from her injuries, which compelled her to use a cane and a leg brace. In 1924, Annie was diagnosed with pernicious anemia and became increasingly weak and frail. She died on November 3, 1926, at the age of 66. Some have suggested that Annie died from lead poisoning after years of handling lead bullets. Frank Butler, who had also been in poor health, died 18 days later.